self destructing powerpoint presentation

Self destructive behaviors and survivors of suicide

This document discusses self-destructive behavior and suicide. It defines self-destructive behavior and explains that it is often a form of self-punishment or learned behavior. It then lists common types of self-destructive behaviors like self-harm, substance abuse, and risky behaviors. The document discusses myths and facts related to suicide and explains the common elements, emotions, and cognitive states involved in suicidal thoughts and acts. It also discusses the impact of suicide on survivors and how to help survivors cope and heal from the suicide of a loved one. Read less

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• 1. Psychology 262 Crisis and Trauma Intervention Yavapai College
• 2. Self- destructive behavior  Often synonymous with self-harm  May be used as a coping mechanism  May be used as an active attempt to drive people away.  Feelings of being incapable, undeserving, etc.
• 3. Self-destructive behavior  Self-destructive behavior is often a form of self- punishment in response to a personal failure, which may be real or perceived.  It is common misconception that self –destructive behavior is inherently attention seeking, or at least that attention is a primary motive. While this is undoubtedly true is some cases, normally the motivation runs much deeper that that.  Learned dysfunctional patterns of behavior early in life?
• 4. Types of self-destructive behaviors  Self harm  Drug use and abuse  Suicide  Risky types of behavior
• 5. Victims Loss, Victims Gained
• 6. Perspectives and Myths  Myth: people who commit suicide have a psychiatric illness  Fact: mental illness is not the dominant factor in most suicides  Myth: good circumstances prevent suicide  Fact: suicide cuts across race, age, job, etc.  Myth: most people who talk about it are not a serious risk  Fact: people usually talk about suicide or give clues and warnings of their intentions  Myth: people who threaten suicide, superficially cut their wrists, or do not succeed with other attempts are not at risk for suicide  Fact: majority of people who succeed in killing themselves have a history of previous suicide attempts  Myth: talking about suicide to people who are upset will put the idea in their head  Fact: suicide is too complex a process to occur as a result of asking a question
• 7. Understanding Suicide – Common Elements  The common purpose of suicide is to seek a solution  The common goal of suicide is cessation of consciousness  The common stimulus in suicide is intolerable psychological pain  The common stressor is frustrated psychological needs  The common emotion in suicide is hopelessness-helplessness  The common internal attitude in suicide is ambivalence  The common cognitive state in suicide is constriction  The common action in suicide is escape
• 8. Survivors of Suicide  Survivors of suicide represent the largest mental health casualties related to suicide  There are currently over 32,000 suicides in the USA. It is estimated that for every suicide there are at least 6 survivors. Some suicidologists believe this to be a very conservative estimate.  Based on this estimate, approximately 5 million Americans became survivors of suicide in the last 25 years.
• 9. Suicidal Grief  Grief does not follow a linear path. Furthermore, grief doesn’t always move in a forward direction.  There is no time frame for grief.  Survivors should not expect that their lives will return to their prior state. Survivors aim to adjust to life without their loved one.  Survivors often struggle with the reasons why suicide occurred and whether they could of done something to prevent the suicide.  At times, especially if the loved one had a mental disorder, the survivor may experience relief.  Shame or embarrassment might prevent the survivor from reaching out.  When the time is right, survivors will begin to enjoy life again. Healing does occur.
• 10. Suicide Bereavement 101  Survivors seem to struggle more with questions of meaning-making around the death (“Why did they do it?”)... survivors often struggle to make sense of the motives and frame of mind of the deceased.  Survivors show higher levels of feelings of guilt, blame, and responsibility for the death than other mourners (“Why didn’t I prevent it?”)...Occasionally, survivors feel that they directly caused the death through mistreatment or abandonment of the deceased. More frequently, they blame themselves for not anticipating and preventing the actual act of suicide...  Survivors experience heightened feelings of rejection or abandonment by the loved one, along with anger toward the deceased (“How could they do this to me?”).”
• 11. What Do I Do Now?  Some survivors struggle with what to tell other people. Although you should make whatever decision feels right to you, most survivors have found it best to simply acknowledge that their loved one died by suicide.  You may find that it helps to reach out to family and friends. Because some people may not know what to say, you may need to take the initiative to talk about the suicide, share your feelings, and ask for their help.  Anniversaries, birthdays and holidays may be especially difficult, so you might want to think about whether to continue old traditions or create some new ones.  You may experience unexpected waves of sadness; these are a normal part of the grieving process
• 12. Children as Survivors  It is a myth that children don’t grieve  Children are especially vulnerable to feelings of guilt and abandonment. It is important for them to know that the death was not their fault and that someone is there to take care of them.  Secrecy about the suicide in the hopes of protecting children may cause further complications. Explain the situation and answer children’s questions honestly and with age appropriate responses.
• 13. Helping a Survivor Heal  Accept The Intensity Of The Grief  Listen With Your Heart  Avoid Simplistic Explanations and Clichés  Be Compassionate  Understand The Uniqueness Of Suicide Grief  Be Aware Of Holidays And Anniversaries  Be Aware Of Support Groups
• 14. Consider your personal beliefs about suicide…  What do you think, feel, or believe when considering the concept of suicide? Your ethical, moral, and philosophical conceptualization of suicide will have direct and indirect influence on your clinical practice  It is fundamentally important to be aware of your ethical and philosophical beliefs, conceptualizations, and individual positions, as well as the direct and indirect impact of these beliefs on your practice

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Is there any way to create a self-destructing PowerPoint show?

I am using macro and form fields and I'm planning to let people fill the form, and will automatically save as pdf after form completion. However, I found out that using the same .ppsm file over and over will retain the data entered by the previous person, causing different pdf saves having the same data. 

One of the solutions I could think of to prevent this is to create a .ppsm that gets deleted after viewing. After deletion, a new copy of the file will be made. Is there any way to do this?

Another possible solution is a VBA code that deletes every data entered in form fields after exiting the show, but I have a relatively weak grasp of VBA coding. Are there any VBA codes that could do this?

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Assuming that the user will fill out the form then click some kind of Submit button that'll trigger your code to create the PDF, you could add a call to this subroutine at the end of the code:

Sub ClearTheFields()     Dim oSh As Shape     Dim oSl As Slide          For Each oSl In ActivePresentation.Slides         For Each oSh In oSl.Shapes             If oSh.Type = msoOLEControlObject Then                 oSh.OLEFormat.Object.Text = ""             End If         Next     Next

If the only developer controls you're using is text boxes, that should do it.  If you've got other types of controls that don't have a .Text property or that you don't want to delete the text from, it'll take a bit more logic or errorhandling.  But this'll get you started.

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23 examples of self-destructive behavior & how to stop it.

At some point in your life, you've probably done something that could be classified as "self-destructive." The reality is, whether they want to admit it or not, most people have engaged in behaviors that aren't good for them. The real problem is when it becomes a habit or an unhealthy pattern develops.

What is self-destructive behavior?

Self-destructive behavior is a pattern of actions that could hinder a person's physical and emotional well-being or their ability to achieve important goals. And sometimes, these behaviors are not just a hindrance but outright harmful, according to therapist Ibinye Osibodu-Onyali, LMFT . They can be physical acts—like drunken driving or self-harm—but they can also be emotional. 

"Physically self-destructive behaviors can be anything that creates harmful or unsafe physical circumstances," trauma and relationship counselor Katie Lorz, LMHC , tells mbg. Those might include anything from substance abuse to self-harm, as well as more subtle acts like mindless social media scrolling or willfully ignoring your body's need for movement, hydration, or nutrition.

"Often, they are also ways for a person to 'check out' when life gets too stressful or if there aren't supports, knowledge, or a pattern of handling stress, uncertainty, and difficult relationships well," she adds. 

Emotionally self-destructive behaviors involve making yourself feel bad, typically by putting yourself down , denying your own needs, or putting yourself into situations where you're likely to get hurt by others.

Clinical psychologist Carla Marie Manly, Ph.D. , notes that most—if not all—people engage in some sort of minor self-destructive behavior at times. "When we are consciously aware of self-destructive behaviors that are minor and infrequent, they tend not to have serious consequences," she explains. "However, chronic self-destructive behaviors tend to interfere with daily life and can have serious long-term consequences on mental health, physical health, and overall well-being." 

Examples of self-destructive behaviors.

There are plenty of variations of self-destructive behaviors, from obvious to subtle. Here are some examples, according to our experts: 

• Drinking too much
• Drunk driving
• Putting yourself in risky or dangerous situations
• Ignoring bodily needs for movement, nutrition, hydration, etc.
• Pulling continuous all-nighters or otherwise denying yourself adequate sleep
• Mindless or endless social media scrolling 
• Watching too much TV
• Engaging in risky sexual behavior 
• Cycling through toxic relationships
• Cheating when you're in a happy relationship 
• Hurting people you love 
• Denying your own needs or wants
• Procrastinating 
• Taking on more than you can possibly handle
• Excessive spending or spending money you don't have
• Endless ruminating or dwelling on past mistakes
• Negative self-talk
• Impulsive decision-making 
• Isolating yourself from your community and loved ones 
• Putting yourself in situations that are traumatizing or re-traumatizing 
• Ignoring mental health symptoms like anxiety or stress

What causes self-destructive behavior?

The root causes of self-destructive behavior can vary from person to person, according to licensed drug and alcohol counselor Candace Kotkin-De Carvalho, LSW, LCADC, CCS, CCTP . Some of the most common causes include a lack of positive coping skills, unresolved issues from childhood or adolescence, and poor mental health.

Lorz describes self-destructive behaviors as being the product of either misguided attempts at self-protection or moments of dissociation. They're often shaped by beliefs you have about yourself, what you deserve, and how you have taken in the messages of the world and those around you, she says, making them essentially a response to personal circumstances that have had a traumatic impact on you. They may have even worked (or you believed that they have worked) in the past to protect you from feeling stressed, overwhelmed, hurt, exhausted, scared, or in danger, she adds, but ultimately these coping mechanisms are now causing more harm than protection. 

Osibodu-Onyali adds that when people have experienced multiple negative events or even traumas, it changes the way they view themselves, others, and the world. "They begin to expect bad things to happen, and when good things come their way, they introduce self-destructive behaviors so that things return to the negative pattern they are used to. It's not that they enjoy negativity; it's just that it's familiar," she says.

Additionally, self-destructive behaviors can be symptoms of many mental health issues, according to Manly. For example, a person who is suffering from depression may engage in self-protective behaviors, like not going to work due to a lack of energy or to avoid stress, that are ultimately self-destructive. Those who suffer from substance use disorders may resort to self-destructive behaviors, including stealing to maintain the addiction or driving while under the influence, with little or no ability to genuinely appreciate the long-term impact; the cumulative effects of these behaviors are often tragic.  

"A variety of mental health disorders such as BPD often leave the sufferer stuck in a cycle of self-destructive behaviors that leave the individual feeling angry, isolated, and misunderstood," she adds.

How to stop self-destructive behavior in yourself:

Understand the behavior and why it's harmful..

The key to preventing self-destructive behavior is to understand it, Osibodu-Onyali says. She recommends starting by getting clear on how the behaviors are harmful to yourself, and then from there, "begin to unpack how one's thought patterns, history, or traumas have led to the consistent pattern. Behaviors are self-destructive when the pattern is consistent."

Track the behavior.

It's often helpful to nonjudgmentally track the issue. When we notice what triggers the self-destructive behaviors, we become more aware. Through increased awareness, we often stimulate change just by noticing, avoiding, or mindfully "leaning into" the situation.

"Write down these activities and see how much you are doing them day to day," Lorz recommends. "When you are doing them, are you avoiding other things? Avoidance and distraction are ways of coping that can be healthy, but when done too much, are ultimately self-destruction. What do you do to avoid and distract from stressful, difficult, or unpleasant things?" 

A great example here: Let's say whenever you sit down at your computer to work, you *have* to have a snack to munch on. Lorz says it's likely you're not hungry but stressed or anxious about the emails in your inbox. By tracking your behavior, you may realize that whenever you are anxious, stressed, or bored, you get something to eat. 

"Mindless eating can be self-destructive. Planning out your snacks for the day or making a list of other ways to de-stress or reward yourself for difficult or stressful tasks can help turn a self-destructive behavior into a mindful activity (which becomes self-protective and empowering) and add stress reduction coping skills to your toolbox," she says.

Address the root cause.

Kotkin-De Carvalho says understanding the underlying factors contributing to your self-destructive behavior is crucial for breaking its destructive cycle. 

"For instance, if you have poor coping skills, then working on strengthening your ability to manage negative emotions and stress is an important step," she says. On the other hand, if mental health issues or unresolved issues from your childhood are at the root of your self-destructive behavior, she recommends seeking out a qualified mental health professional to help you address those issues.

Similarly, journaling about minor self-destructive behaviors can often be highly illuminating, according to Manly. The key to this type of journaling is to allow your mind to free-associate without judgment, she adds. When you let your mind flow without fear of criticism, the psyche often begins to "work things out" behind the scenes.  

Delay acting on impulse.

As an immediate stopgap, halt self-destructive behavior by simply delaying action. When you're in the moment about to engage in an action you have identified in the past as self-destructive, wait a few minutes before doing anything. Sometimes just giving yourself a pause to let the impulse—and the turbulent emotions behind it—pass through you and then quiet down is all you need to no longer feel the need to move forward with the action.

Develop other, healthier coping mechanisms. 

Be proactive about learning and practicing coping skills and habits that stop self-destructive behaviors before they start, Lorz says. 

"Having a variety of coping skills and habits that support mental health and well-being, and create outlets for stress reduction, can help your mind and body to build resilience and empowerment for healthy ways of coping and handling stress and uncertainty," she notes.

Here's a list of grounding techniques you can use to help you stay present in the moment when you're facing stress and wanting to engage in something self-destructive, plus some relaxation techniques to help you self-soothe in other ways.

"Developing psychological resilience, or the ability to adapt and bounce back from adversity, can also be very helpful in overcoming self-destructive behavior," Carvalho adds.

Get an accountability buddy.

This is a great way to get external support when your inner critic or inner protector is telling you that your self-destructive behavior is the only thing that's going to make you feel better, says Lorz. This is one reason that fitness buddies, Alcoholics Anonymous, and coaching or psychotherapy can be very successful in helping you grow and change self-destructive behavior.

While this may feel scary, it's also one of the best ways to get perspective. This action alone can help you feel less hopeless, less alone, and more capable of achieving your goals. It creates a bridge of connection that is empowering and healing. 

Lorz says it may be as simple as saying to a friend: "Hey, I've got to work tomorrow. Can you remind me of that when I go to order a second or third drink tonight? I want to be ready and alert for my presentation in the morning."

How to handle self-destructive behavior in others. 

If you realize someone around you is exhibiting self-destructive behaviors, Manly stresses the importance of approaching the situation in a detached way. This helps you to avoid getting overwhelmed or getting drawn into any negative cycles.

To start, she recommends taking the time to assess your own needs before confronting your loved one. Ask yourself what you need to feel safe and respected in this situation. Once you've mentally prepared yourself and defined your boundaries to yourself, you can bring up the self-destructive behaviors or patterns you've noticed. 

When doing so, Manly notes taking a gentle approach is best. "Avoid criticizing the person or allowing yourself to get pulled into an argument," she says.

Regulating your own emotions is essential here, she adds. You definitely don't want to be locked in a battle of words or even a physical battle with this person. While you're speaking up because you care, it's important to also explain your boundaries and what you are and aren't willing to tolerate while offering your support. 

If changes aren't being made, it may become necessary to lovingly detach from the situation, says Manly, and to recognize that you can't fix another person's issues for them, especially if they're unwilling to help themselves. 

And remember: Sometimes support simply looks like encouraging someone to seek out support from a mental health professional who is best equipped to do this work. 

When to see a professional.

Using the above methods to stop self-destructive behavior on your own can be effective, but there may come a point where you feel like you need more help. Hunter says that if you find that no matter how hard you try, you still seem to be making life harder for yourself, it might be time to seek out help. 

Additionally, if you are at risk of serious harm, are finding yourself increasingly isolated due to losing friends or loved ones, and/or can't seem to keep a job, it is definitely time to seek out the help of a mental health professional .

How do you fix self-destructive behavior?

If you’re dealing with self-destructive behaviors yourself, there are several things you can try on your own. You can start by learning your triggers, understanding the root cause of the behavior, and tracking your actions. A great way to get started here is by writing it all down in a journal. You can also get yourself an accountability buddy to help you along the way. However, if your self-destructive behaviors start feeling like too much to handle alone, consider seeking expert help.

If you've noticed self-destructive behaviors being displayed by someone you care about, then try having a conversation. Sit your person down and bring up the issue in a gentle way, while maintaining your own boundaries. Again, if the situation feels too overwhelming, suggest your person talk to someone more equipped to deal with self-destructive patterns–i.e., a mental health professional. 

What's the root cause of self-destructive behavior?

The root cause of self-destructive behavior will vary from person to person. But in general, these behaviors often stem from unconscious factors related to unresolved trauma or dysfunctional patterns learned during childhood.

The takeaway.

Everyone makes bad decisions from time to time, but when a person makes harmful decisions consistently, it could be classified as self-destructive. 

The key to preventing self-destructive behavior is to understand it. Your understanding of these behaviors may come from doing your own research and self-reflection, or it may come from sitting down with a professional.

Either way, remember that self-destructive behaviors don't define you. There is hope for healing and developing healthy habits that will lead you toward becoming the best version of yourself.

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Suicide and Self-Destructive Behavior: Understanding, Recognizing, and Preventing

Jan 20, 2024

450 likes | 458 Views

Learn about the facts and myths surrounding suicide, the reasons why people feel suicidal, and how you can help prevent it. Recognize warning signs and be a supportive presence for at-risk individuals.

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Presentation Transcript

SUICIDE AND SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR GRAPHICS BY MORT WALKER 1

“It is our responsibility to help our soldiers and civilians understand how to identify at-risk individuals, recognize warning signs and know how to take direct action.” General Eric K. Shinseki Army Chief of Staff

SUICIDE FACTS and MYTHS(1of 2) • MYTH: Suicidal persons are crazy. • FACT:Most suicidal persons are not crazy. • MYTH: All suicidal people want to die and there is nothing that can be done about it. • FACT:Most suicidal people are undecided about living or dying. They may gamble with death, leaving it to others to rescue them. Frequently they call for help before and after a suicide attempt. • MYTH: People who talk about suicide rarely attempt or commit suicide. • FACT:Nearly 80 % of those who attempt or commit suicide give some warning of their intentions. When someone talks about committing suicide, they may be giving a warning that should not be ignored.

SUICIDE FACTS and MYTHS(2 of 2) • MYTHS: Once a person is suicidal, they are suicidal forever. • FACT:Most suicidal people are that way for only a brief period in their lives. If they attempter receives the proper assistance and support, they will probably never be suicidal again. Only about 10% of attempters later complete the act. • MYTHS: Improvement following a suicidal crisis means the risk is over. • FACTS:Many suicides occur within 90 days after the beginning of “improvement” when they seem to have the energy to act on morbid thoughts and feelings. The desire to escape life may be so great that the idea of suicide represents relief from a hopeless situation. Therefore, we must be particularly attentive to the suicidal individual. • MYTH: Talking to someone about suicidal feelings will cause them to commit suicide. • FACTS:Talking to someone about their suicidal feelings usually makes the person feel relieved that someone finally recognized their emotional pain and they feel safer talking about it.

WHAT IS SUICIDE? Suicide is deliberately ending one’s own life. 2

SUICIDE BEHAVIOR INCLUDES: • Serious suicidal thoughts or threats • Self-destructive acts • Attempts to harm, but not kill onself • Attempts to commit suicide • Completed suicide 2

WHY SUICIDE? There is no simple answer. Usually, the emotional upset is so great that the person “just wants to stop the pain.” The suicidal person feels a tremendous sense of loneliness and isolation. They feel helpless, hopeless, and worthless. 2

HOW MANY PEOPLE COMMIT SUICIDE? 4

U.S. SUICIDE STATISTICS • Total of 29,041* • Averages to one suicide for every 18 minutes • Within the U.S., more people kill themselves than are killed by others • Between 1952 and 1995, the incidence of suicide among adolescents and young adults multiplied ~3X. • (2nd leading cause of death for youth) • More teenagers and young adults die from suicide than from cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia and influenza, and chronic lung disease, COMBINED. • Estimated 726,000 attempts** • Every day 80 Americans take their own lives and over 1,900 Americans visit Emergency Departments for self-inflicted injury (National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, total = 706,000). * 1999 official U.S. statistics reported by National Vital Statistics Report, Vol 49, #3, June 2001

SUICIDE: Cost to the Nation Suicide annually costs the nation ~ 10X the # of Americans lost on 9/11/01.Every day 80 Americans take their own lives and over 1,900 Americans visit Emergency Departments for self-inflicted injury (National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, total = 706,000).For every 2 victims of homicide in the U.S., there are 3 persons who take their own lives. There are now 2X as many deaths due to suicide as to HIV/AIDS.Between 1952 and 1995, the incidence of suicide among adolescents and young adults multiplied ~3X.More teenagers and young adults die from suicide than from cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia and influenza, and chronic lung disease, COMBINED.

Service • 150 (+/-) service members commit suicide every year within DoD • 803 soldiers died from suicide during the 1990’s - the equivalent of a Battalion Task Force • Suicide was the third leading cause of death in the Army preceded by only accidents and all forms of illnesses combined. (1990-2001) • Suicide has a direct impact on families, units, friendships, communities

WHO COMMITS SUICIDE? 4

WHO COMMITS SUICIDE? All kinds of people: young, old, rich Poor, male, female, officers, NCO’s, enlisted, civilians, every race, and every creed.. 4

WHY DO PEOPLE FEEL SUICIDAL? 5

WHY DO PEOPLE FEEL SUICIDAL? Because their problems seem overwhelming. 5

HOW CAN WE HELP? 6

By learning how to recognize the suicidal person…. HOW CAN WE HELP? 6

IN MOST CASES, SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR CAN BE PREVENTED... • Know the facts • Recognize warning signs • Be a “lifeline” buddy • Be sensitive, caring and proactive 7

THE MAIN CAUSES OF SUICIDAL FEELINGS ARE: STRESSORS AND SYMPTOMS THAT LEAD TO FEELINGS OF: > Hopelessness > Helplessness > Worthlessness 8

STRESSFUL SITUATIONS THAT CAN INITIATE SUICIDAL FEELINGS... • Poor job performance/evaluation - Being passed over for promotion or advanced schooling • Failed relationships • Death of a loved one • Sickness and illness • Financial problems • Facing UCMJ or other legal charges • Loss of “support systems” or “emotional safety” • The compounding and disorienting effects of drugs and/or alcohol 9

STRESSFUL SITUATIONS THAT CAN INITIATE SUICIDAL FEELINGS (cont.) • Renewal of bonding with family on return from long field training or an isolated tour • Leaving old friends • New military assignments • Loss of self-esteem/status • Humiliation/rejection • Being alone with concerns about self and family • Suicide of a friend or family member • Discharge or retirement 9

DEPRESSION Emotional dejection and withdrawal is often associated with suicide. Sadness and an occasional “case of the blues” are normal emotions. However, depression, an abnormal emotional state, is a profound sadness which is present nearly everyday for at least two weeks. In 75 to 80 percent of all suicides, depression is a contributing factor. • > Sadness that’s greater than usual • > More prolonged > Helpless hopeless, worthless 10

DEPRESSION IS CHARACTERIZED BY: • Poor appetite or significant weight loss or increased appetite or significant weight gain • Change in sleep habits • Behavioral agitation or a slowing of movement • Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities or decrease in sexual drive • Loss of energy, fatigue • Complaints or evidence of diminished ability to think or concentrate 11

DEPRESSION IS CHARACTERIZED BY: • Feelings of worthlessness, self-reproach, or excessive guilt • Withdrawal from family and friends • Drastic mood swings • Sudden change in behavior 11

DEPRESSIVE SITUATIONS THAT CAN INITIATE SUICIDAL FEELINGS... • Disappointment • Rejection • Illness • Loss of relationship 11

MOST SUICIDAL PEOPLE GIVE CLUES... 12

BE ALERT FOR THESE SIGNALS... 13

BE ALERT FOR THESE SIGNALS... DIRECT VERBAL CLUES... > “I’m going to kill myself” > “I’m going to commit suicide” > “I want to end it all” > “I want to die” 13

Indirect verbal clues... > “I’m tired of life” > “Who cares if I’m dead anyway” > “I can’t go on anymore” > “You’d be better off without me” - a sad expression - sighs often - pessimistic - cynical 14

Camouflaged verbal clues... > “Soon I won’t be around” > “Soon you won’t have to worry about me anymore” > “Goodbye, I won’t be here when you return” 15

Camouflaged verbal clues... > “Soon I won’t be around” > “Soon you won’t have to worry about me anymore” > “Goodbye, I won’t be here when you return” - pessimistic about the future - verbal or written 15

BEHAVIORAL CLUES... • Buying a firearm • Stockpiling pills • Putting affairs in order • Sudden interest in wills, funerals, and life insurance • Selling or giving away possessions • Visits to sick call when not sick • Frequent illness • Excessive weight loss or gain • Drug or alcohol abuse 16

BEHAVIORAL CLUES, con’t... • > Family or relationship problems • > Chronic absenteeism or tardiness • > Decreasing job performance • > Financial problems > A confrontation with an important person • > Neglect of appearance and hygiene • > Increasing isolation • > Themes of death in writing and artwork • > Depression 18

SUICIDE RISK FACTORS THE SUICIDE RISK IS HIGHER IN A PERSON WHO: > Has problems with family, relationship, job, Army, finances > Has made previous suicide attempts > Has experienced a recent suicide of a friend or relative > Threatens suicide 18

INTERVENTION... 20

DON’T ASSUME THE SITUATION WILL CURE ITSELF... THREATS AND ATTEMPTS ARE WAYS OF ASKING FOR HELP... 3

CALL FOR HELP... • DUTY HOURS: • COMANDER OR 1SG • CHAPLAIN • COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH 21

CALL FOR HELP... • NON DUTY HOURS: • STAFF DUTY • EMERGENCY ROOM • ON CALL CHAPLAIN • MILITARY POLICE 21

WHAT NOT TO DO... • Don’t leave the person alone or send the person away • Don’t overact – don’t be shocked by anything he (she) says. • You don’t have to explore all of the details, get enough information to your care, concern, and willingness to listen non-judgmentally • Don’t rush-remember, you are just trying to establish contact and get the person to someone who can help; you are not trying to completely resolve the crisis • Don’t minimize the person’s concerns: “this is not worth killing yourself over.” Remember to acknowledge: “I see this is very upsetting to you and I want to get help for you.” • Don’t discount or make light of the suicidal threat: “you don’t really want to kill yourself.” • Don’t argue whether suicide is right or wrong. • Don’t preach or moralize: “you have everything to live for.” The issue is the problem or bind the person feels he (she) is in, not life and death per se. 22

WHAT NOT TO DO... • Don’t challenge or get into a power struggle. You will do everything you can to get help right now, but ultimately he (she) has control over his decision • Don’t think the person just needs reassurance. You can reassure that you will get help • Don’t promise to keep the conversation confidential. There is limited confidentiality in life-threatening situations • Remember that all persons who are at risk for suicide need help. It is always better to overreact (in terms of taking action) than to fail to take action. It is better to have someone angry with your or embarrassed than dead. 22

REMEMBER... > BE A BUDDY > KNOW YOUR PEOPLE > RECALL THE CLUES > CALL FOR HELP 24

LET’S TAKE ACTION NOW! 25

BE SAFE RATHER THAN SORRY GRAPHICS BY MORT WALKER 26

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