animation research paper examples

Revolutionizing animation: unleashing the power of artificial intelligence for cutting-edge visual effects in films

Application of soft computing
Published: 16 December 2023
Volume 28 , pages 749–763, ( 2024 )

Cite this article

Vundela Sivakrishna Reddy 1 ,
M. Kathiravan 1 &
Velagalapalli Lokeswara Reddy 2

2076 Accesses

3 Citations

Explore all metrics

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technology with the cinema and television sectors has resulted in significant transformations in the programming and production of television shows and the emergence of a novel cohort of AI-driven media. The ubiquity of AI-enabled technology enhances film and television production quality. Conversely, there has been a notable expansion in the animation sector in recent years, characterized by a growing number of film productions annually. Finding the user’s preferred animated films within the large array of information about animated movies has emerged as a notable obstacle. This article examines the sophisticated visual effects of computer vision in animated films, focusing on using artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies. This article proposes a critical perspective on fostering the advancement of cinematic visual effects through strategic means, utilizing computer vision and machine learning technology as fundamental tools for investigating novel methodologies and frameworks for achieving visual effects. This article explores new methodologies and methods for creating visual effects in moving images, using the film industry’s digitalization, intelligent advancement, and enhancement as a starting point. This article examines the application of convolutional neural algorithms in analyzing the visual effects of the Hollywood anime film “Coco.” The study’s findings indicate that the test set’s accuracy remained relatively constant at approximately 59% even after determining the model’s parameters. This outcome significantly enhances film productions’ audiovisual quality and creative standards while fostering healthy and sustainable growth in the film industry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save.

Get 10 units per month
Download Article/Chapter or eBook
1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
Cancel anytime

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Novel Visual Effects in Computer Vision of Animation Film Based on Artificial Intelligence

Automatic Indexing of Virtual Camera Features from Japanese Anime

The Film Industry Leaps into Artificial Intelligence: Scope and Challenges by the Filmmakers

Explore related subjects.

Artificial Intelligence

Data availability

Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

Alkasassbeh M (2017) An empirical evaluation for the intrusion detection features based on machine learning and feature selection methods. J Theor Appl Inf Technol 95(22):5962–5976

Google Scholar

Azmat F, Chen Y, Stocks N (2016) Analysis of spectrum occupancy using machine learning algorithms. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 65(9):6853–6860

Article Google Scholar

Baquero-Pecino Á (2016) After human rights: literature, visual arts, and film in Latin America, 1990–2010 by Fernando J. Rosenberg. Ariz J Hisp Cult Stud 20(1):307–309

Bennis A, Jacobs JG, Catsburg LAE (2017) Stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium: the role of pigmentation as maturation marker and gene expression profile comparison with human endogenous retinal pigment epithelium. Stem Cell Rev Rep 13(5):659–669

Bignardi S, Mantovani A, Abu Zeid N (2016) OpenHVSR: imaging the subsurface 2D/3D elastic properties through multiple HVSR modelling and inversion. Comput Geosci 93(8):103–113

Bloch NI (2015) Evolution of opsin expression in birds driven by sexual selection and habitat. Proc RSoc B: Biol Sci 282(1798):701–715

Borowski K, Soh J, Sensen CW (2008) Visual comparison of multiple gene expression datasets in a genomic context. J Integr Bioinform 5(2):94–103

Chen H, Zhang A, Hu S (2016) Abrupt motion tracking of plateau pika ( Ochotona curzoniae ) based on local texture and colour model. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng 32(11):214–218

Clancy CE, An G, Cannon WR et al (2016) Multiscale modelling in the clinic: drug design and development. Ann Biomed Eng 44(9):2591–2610

De Raedt L, Kersting K, Natarajan S, Poole D (2016) Statistical relational artificial intelligence: logic, probability, and computation. Synth Lectures Artif Intell Mach Learn 10(2):1–189

Dyster T, Sheth SA, McKhann GM II (2016) Ready or not, here we go decision-making strategies from artificial Intelligence based on deep neural networks. Neurosurgery 78(6):N11–N12

Foulquier N, Redou P, Le Gal C (2018) Pathogenesis-based treatments in primary Sjogren’s syndrome using artificial intelligence and advanced machine learning techniques: a systematic literature review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 14(3):1–18

Garmeh S, Jadidi M, Dolatabadi A (2020) Three-dimensional modelling of cold spray for additive manufacturing. J Therm Spray Technol 29(1):38–50

Gentner D (1983) Structure-mapping: a theoretical framework for analogy. Cogn Sci 7(2):155–170

Han X, Gao C, Yu Y (2017) DeepSketch2Face: a deep learning-based sketching system for 3D face and caricature modelling. ACM Trans Graph 36(4):1–12

Jian M, Dong J, Gong M et al (2020) Learning the traditional art of Chinese calligraphy via three-dimensional reconstruction and assessment. IEEE Trans Multimedia 22(4):970–979

Johnson KW, Torres Soto J, Glicksberg BS et al (2018) Artificial intelligence in cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 71(23):2668–2679

Li J, Liang Q-C, Bennamoun L (2016) Superheated steam drying: design aspects, energetic performances, and mathematical modelling. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 60(7):1562–1583

Liu G, Wang Q, Ao Y (2016) Convenient formulas for modelling three-dimensional thermomechanical asperity contacts. Tribol Int 35(7):411–423

Ma T, Inagaki T, Tsuchikawa S (2019) Three-dimensional grain angle measurement of softwood (Hinoki cypress) using near-infrared spatially and spectrally resolved imaging (NIR-SSRI). Holzforschung 73(9):817–826

Metsch P, Kalina KA, Brummund J, Kastner M (2019) Two- ¨ and three-dimensional modelling approaches in magnetomechanics: a quantitative comparison. Arch Appl Mech 89(1):47–62

Min Z, Eastham F, Yuan W (2016) Design and modelling of 2G HTS armature winding for electric aircraft propulsion applications. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 26(3):1–5

Polizzi di Sorrentino E, Woelbert E, Sala S (2016) Consumers and their behaviour: state of the art in behavioural science supporting use phase modelling in LCA and ecodesign. Int J Life Cycle Assess 21(2):237–251

Pradhan P, Upadhyay N, Tiwari A (2016) Genetic and epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: a molecular link to regulate gene expression. New Front Ophthalmol 2(5):192–204

Prakash C, Kumar R, Mittal N (2018) Recent developments in human gait research: parameters, approaches, applications, machine learning techniques, datasets and challenges. Artif Intell Rev 49(1):1–40

Tao MAC, Vincent S, Lu T (2016) Three-dimensional beam propagation modelling of nanostructured whispering-gallery microcavities. IEEE Photonics J 8(2):1

Valente D, Theurel A, Gentaz E (2018) The role of visual experience in producing emotional facial expressions by blind people: a review. Psychon Bull Rev 25(1):1–15

Yuan Z, Lu Y, Xue Y (2016) Droiddetector: android malware characterisation and detection using deep learning. Tsinghua Sci Technol 21(1):114–123

Yun W, Ding H, Xu R (2016) Three-dimensional analytical solutions for the axisymmetric bending of functionally graded annular plates. Appl Math Model 40(9):5393–5420

MathSciNet Google Scholar

Zhan S, Chang L, Zhao J et al (2017) Real-time 3D face modelling based on 3D face imaging. Neurocomputing 252(8):42–48

Zhao Y, Ren D, Chen Y et al (2022) Cartoon image processing: a survey. Int J Comput vis 130:2733–2769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-022-01645-1

Zhou Y, Li P, Wang S (2017) Research progress on big data and intelligent modelling of mineral deposits. Bul Mineral Petrol Geochem 36(2):327–331

Zhou M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Tian Z (2019) An information-theoretic view of WLAN localisation error bound in GPSdenied environment. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 68(4):4089–4093

Download references

This study was not funded by any funding agency.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Computer Science and Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India

Vundela Sivakrishna Reddy & M. Kathiravan

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Krishnapuramu, Kadapa, Y.S.R(District), Andhra Pradesh, India

Velagalapalli Lokeswara Reddy

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Not applicable.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Kathiravan .

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest.

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Additional information, publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Reddy, V.S., Kathiravan, M. & Reddy, V.L. Revolutionizing animation: unleashing the power of artificial intelligence for cutting-edge visual effects in films. Soft Comput 28 , 749–763 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-09448-3

Download citation

Accepted : 08 November 2023

Published : 16 December 2023

Issue Date : January 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-09448-3

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Animation movies
Visual effects
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Computer vision
Find a journal
Publish with us
Track your research