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Literature Reviews
The Literature Review is one of the most important and poorly understood components of a document. Here, we try to briefly explain the role and structure of the literature review, and present some strategies for conducting and writing one. (There are many other relevant resources on this site: see in particular Online Handbook / Accurate Documentation for information on conducting/understanding research, proper documentation guidelines, and using and acknowledging other people’s ideas in your writing).
1. The Role of the Literature Review: The function of a scientific literature review is primarily to collect and examine the state of current knowledge in a field by examining the work of scholars and researchers whose work has been recognized as valuable. Ultimately, a well researched and written literature review accomplishes three goals. It:
- Establishes context for your work by showing what has been done in the area
- Exposes the gap in current knowledge
- Shows your supervisors that you have done your research [1]
The literature review might be considered a more detailed, elaborated and well-supported version of the introduction. In the literature review, the gap is developed in significantly greater detail and supported by references to research (See also Online Handbook / Components of Documents / Introductions ).
2. Structure of the Literature Review: There are two options for organizing your literature review. You can either organize A) by source or B) by topic. Both are acceptable, but rarely is organization by source a better strategy than organizing by topic.
A. Organization by source allows you to develop how one researcher or group of researchers has, in one book or paper, contributed to the field.
B. Organization by topic, however, allows you to cover all of the contributions, by different researchers to one topic or key area of knowledge.
Option B allows for more coherence and is a more effective way of integrating contributions by different people or research groups. Option A is most often used when several pivotal studies with distinct contributions form the foundation of the literature review and deserve their own dedicated sections. Option B, however, is more challenging to write because it depends on your ability to synthesize information effectively. Sometimes, a combined approach is appropriate: one paper may contribute significantly to one area, although other papers might also add to knowledge in that area. (See Online Handbook / Accurate Documentation ).
3. Strategies for Writing a Literature Review: After finding / reading the relevant articles, proceed by:
a) Organizing: The first step is to develop a framework for the review: this can be done by identifying the key articles or the key areas of knowledge (depending on the organizational structure chosen), and associating papers with specific areas of knowledge. This set of topics or papers should form the sections of your literature review; however, you’ll need to organize these topics logically, and develop transitions between the sections.
b) Summarizing: The second step involves identifying each article’s contribution to the area of knowledge. You may be summarizing an entire article, or just including a brief reference to the article. When summarizing an article, ask the following questions:
- What is the author’s purpose?
- What are the writer’s assumptions?
- What are the author’s main claims (conclusions)? How are they supported; how have they been qualified [1]?
This second step should leave you with a clear idea of what the author is saying.
c) Evaluating: In the final step, you need to assess the work done in the key area of knowledge or by the pivotal paper, in order to establish:
- How previous work has left a gap, because of either inadequate assumptions or inconclusive findings;
- How previous research will be applied in a new context; or
- How general disagreement or different views on the subject create a need for a solution [1]
In evaluating each article, consider the following questions:
- How strong are the basic components of the study design? Could the problem have been approached more effectively from another perspective or with different assumptions?
- Are the paper’s conclusions well warranted by evidence from research? Is the evidence from the research conclusive? Or are there limitations to the research?
- How does this paper contribute to our understanding of the problem/issue?
- How does the paper relate to your research [1]?
In evaluating several papers on a specific topic, ask these questions:
- What are the significant points of agreement between articles?
- Where the research disagrees, is one researcher more conclusive than another?
- How can you fit the articles together to build a logical argument that furthers your purpose [1]?
[1] Irish, R., Tiede K., and Weiss, P. Communication Course Notes. Engineering Communication Program, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering,University of Toronto. 2004.
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- Engineering Literature Review
Embark on an informative journey exploring the intricacies of an Engineering Literature Review, a critical component in the realm of engineering studies. This comprehensive guide is designed to aid in your understanding of the function and importance it holds in the discourse of Engineering. Throughout this document, you'll uncover the essential elements that make up the structure of a robust literature review, with practical examples taken from Civil and Mechanical Engineering. You'll also gain beneficial tips on crafting a top-notch review and discover how to sidestep common challenges. Lastly, a section dedicated to further reading will reinforce your knowledge and enhance your skills, making you proficient in delivering exceptional Engineering Literature Reviews.
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What is an Engineering Literature Review?
What resources can you explore to gain a deeper understanding of conducting an Engineering Literature Review?
What are the objectives of an Engineering Literature Review?
Why is a Literature Review essential in Engineering Studies?
What are the fundamental elements of an Engineering Literature Review?
What is the process of crafting an effective Engineering Literature Review?
How are tables used effectively in literature reviews of engineering topics?
What is the significance of the structure in an Engineering Literature Review?
What are some common elements of a literature review in civil engineering focused on sustainable building materials?
What are typical features of a mechanical engineering literature review examining innovations in biomedical devices?
What are key aspects to keep in mind while conducting an Engineering Literature Review?
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Understanding Engineering Literature Review: A Comprehensive Guide
An Engineering Literature Review is a detailed examination and analysis of scholarly articles, books, and other resources relevant to a specific aspect of engineering. It is not simply a summary, but a careful evaluation of the literature, synthesizing the available material and identifying trends, theories, practices, gaps in research, and areas of controversy.
Unpacking the Meaning of Engineering Literature Review
- Define the scope of your research
- Determine the current state of your field of study
- Identify any gaps in the existing literature
- Relate your study to the existing research
For example, if you're conducting a literature review on the latest advancements in green energy technology, you would search through various scholarly databases to find articles, books and other resources that discuss this topic. After reading and analyzing these sources, you would summarize your findings, highlighting the main theories, ongoing debates, and gaps in the knowledge about green energy technology.
Significance of Literature Review in Engineering Studies
Deep dive: Doing a literature review also acquaints you with research methodologies, techniques and tools in your field of study. Understanding how past studies were conducted - and their strengths and weaknesses - will help you plan your study more effectively.
How to Construct an Effective Engineering Literature Review Structure
Fundamental elements of an engineering literature review.
- Introduction : The initial part of your Literature Review should present your research topic, clarify its value, and show how exactly the review will build upon the existing compilation of scholarly works. Your readers should grasp the essence, significance, and the aim of your review from the introduction.
- Body : This is where you explore various resources, analyse them critically, and present the crucial points collected in a structured manner. The body could be arranged based on themes, trends, or chronologically, depending on the nature of your research.
- Conclusion : The conclusion should summarise the main observations from your compiled resources. It provides an avenue to underscore the gap in existing research, which your study intends to fill.
The process is not unlike solving an engineering problem where multiple components need to work together for an effective solution. Just as you wouldn't simply present an unordered list of all the components and their individual functionalities, in your literature review too, merely summarising the articles isn't enough. They have to be connected and analysed for the readers to understand the full picture.
Steps to Structure a Solid Engineering Literature Review
- Define your research question : Every Literature Review starts by defining a clear, concise, and relevant research question.
In the context of Engineering, a research question will focus on a specific problem, phenomenon, or component within the broader engineering landscape. It could be related to the efficiency of an existing design, exploring the impact of a particular process, or the development of a new technology.
- Search and Select Literature : Once you have established your research question, identify and gather resources related to your research topic. This might involve searching databases, examining journals, or going through conference papers. Always ensure the sources are reliable and up-to-date.
- Evaluate Sources : After your compilation, critically evaluate each work for its relevance, reliability, accuracy, and contribution to your research.
- Plan Structure : Plan an outline for your review regarding how the body will be arranged. This structure could be thematic, based on trends, chronologically arranged, or in any other way that best suits your research.
- Write your Review : With the plan in place and resources in hand, write your review, ensuring that each section (Introduction, Body, Conclusion) is well-crafted to encapsulate your entire research.
Practical Exploration of Engineering Literature Review Examples
Engineering literature review example: civil engineering, engineering literature review example: mechanical engineering, introduction to crafting an exceptional engineering literature review, essential tips for writing an engineering literature review.
- Focus on Relevance : Prioritise your reading and inclusion based on the relevance to your research question. Every article or book that is part of your review should contribute meaningfully to setting the context, highlighting the gap, or providing evidence for your arguments.
- Be Critical : A literature review isn't just a summarisation - it's essentially an evaluation. Critique the methodology, question the interpretations, explore the inconsistencies, and assimilate the ideas. But remember, criticism doesn't mean just pointing out flaws, it also involves recognising the strengths and unique contributions.
- Thoroughly Cite Sources : Remember that your literature review is based on the work of others, so always credit the original sources using appropriate citation styles.
- Stay Coherent : Your review should read as a unified document, and not a compilation of summarised articles. Each point or section should logically connect to the next. Often, using a table can help in structuring your thoughts and presenting the comparisons in a more reader-friendly form:
Challenges to Avoid When Conducting an Engineering Literature Review
- Not Critically Evaluating Sources : It's necessary to critically evaluate each source, and not just accept the content at face value. Does the article substantiate its claims with empirical evidence? Is the methodology suitable?
- Overlooking Relevant Research : Staying within the comforting walls of what we know and believe often results in confirmation bias. Even if some studies contradict your expectations or assumptions, if they are relevant, they need to be included.
- Lack of Organisation : A literature review can easily become overwhelming if adequate organisation isn't maintained. Schedule regular times for studying, organise your notes meticulously, and stay on top of your bibliography. Use LaTeX to maintain consistency. For instance, for organising your formulas, LaTeX's align environment can be much cleaner than inline math mode:
- Failing to Update Review : Remember, a literature review needs to be a living document, especially for lengthy research projects like a dissertation. New research papers relevant to your review can be published anytime, and it's essential to update your review to reflect such changes.
Advancing Your Knowledge: Further Reading on Engineering Literature Reviews
Revisiting crucial engineering literature review tips and examples.
- Define Your Scope : Understand the breadth of your research question. Knowing this helps in identifying relevant literature, contributing to your research while keeping it confined within manageable limits.
- Analyse, don't Summarise : Your literature review should demonstrate your deep understanding of the topic. It should pick apart and critique the chosen papers, not just summarise their abstracts. Your comprehension of the methodologies used, the robustness of their findings and their relevance to your study should shine through.
- Think Synthetically : Good literature reviews don't just dissect each source individually, they also synthesise them together, drawing connections between the findings and discussions of various papers. Considering your review like patchwork, each 'patch' or source should interlace with the others, providing a unified narrative.
Next Steps: Enhancing Your Skills in Writing Engineering Literature Reviews
- Quality over Quantity : Ensure that every source you include adds value to your review in its own unique way. Avoid unnecessary padding with irrelevant or weak sources.
- Stay Objective : A literature review isn't the place to let personal bias take the reins. Keep your review objective, substantiated by evidence, and let the literature guide your narrative.
- Application Coding Language : In Engineering Literature Reviews, you might encounter coding snippets, which you need to comprehend and explain. For instance, this is a Python code snippet that calculates force using Newton's second law:
Engineering Literature Review - Key takeaways
- Engineering Literature Review forms the foundation for developing innovative solutions and advancements in existing technologies. It involves critical thinking, careful reading, analysis, and synthesis of information.
- The key elements of an Engineering Literature Review include an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction presents the research topic, its significance, and how the review will build upon existing literature. The body involves exploring various resources, their critical analysis, and presenting crucial points in a structured manner. The conclusion summarizes the main observations from the resources, and highlights the gap in existing research.
- Structuring an Engineering Literature Review involves defining a clear research question, searching and selecting relevant literature, evaluating these sources critically, planning the structure of the review, and writing the review with a well-crafted introduction, body, and conclusion.
- Examples of Engineering Literature Reviews in Civil and Mechanical engineering may focus on advancements in sustainable building material, and innovations in biomedical devices respectively. They contain detailed explorations of scholarly articles and journals, critical analysis and comparison of studies, and a summary of the main findings with a highlight on areas requiring further research.
- Writing an Engineering Literature Review requires focus on relevance, critical evaluation of sources, thorough citation of sources, and coherent writing. Challenges to avoid include not critically evaluating sources, overlooking relevant research, and lack of organisation.
Flashcards in Engineering Literature Review 15
An Engineering Literature Review is a detailed examination and analysis of scholarly articles, books, and other resources relevant to a specific aspect of engineering. It synthesizes the available material and identifies trends, theories, practices, and gaps in research.
To deepen your understanding, you can explore comprehensive online resources, open access scholarly articles on various engineering sub-disciplines, and books or e-books that focus on research methodologies related to engineering.
The objectives are to define the scope of your research, determine the current state of your field of study, identify any gaps in the existing literature, and relate your study to the existing research.
It develops critical thinking skills, acts as a knowledge repository, provides a foundation for new research, and acquaints you with research methodologies, techniques, and tools in your field of study.
An Engineering Literature Review contains an Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. The Introduction presents the research topic, the Body explores various resources and analyses them, and the Conclusion summarizes the main observations.
It involves defining a research question, searching and selecting literature, evaluating sources, planning the structure, and writing the review with well-crafted sections.
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