hypothesis on water management

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Water management theories and practices in the planning and design of cities and towns

Over the last decades, in the wake of de-industrialization, rapid urbanization and sprawling, urban environment has gone through serious states of physical and operational decay. During this structural upheaval, a dense tangle of buildings, paved surfaces, roadways, matrix and grids, have cleaved cities into countless fragments where ecological assets (water, soil, air, energy) have less and less living space available for providing services. Water is one of the most essential elements of shaping this planet and most cities have evolved around a water element of some type, yet, despite the pragmatic 'osmotic' relationship between cities and their water elements, the full spectrum of the water cycle is barely taken into consideration in planning and design. Changes occurring in the water cycle are evident nowadays, and it is very likely, indeed, that unsuitable human actions have over-stressed natural changes also enhancing risks and vulnerability of urban dwellings to weather extreme events. The issue of dealing with variability and unpredictability of living processes requires a renewed landscape approach to be implemented by making urban planning and design deeper geo-strategically oriented. It makes sense that the future and the health of cities will depend most on how urban dynamics will interact with green/water rules by taking into account all their gradation of surfaces, uses and meanings. That is exactly what some pioneers (i.e. Dutch polders culture) understood and developed by step-to-step adaptation over centuries. Water management theories and practices, being demonstrated in this paper, i.e. water sensitive urban design, aid and enhance the important role of water and landscapes of water in the resilient function of cities and towns. Keywords: water management, WSUD (water sensitive urban design), city planning, landscape, landscape design

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With timeframes for addressing the issues of the City of the Future (CotF) rapidly approaching (e.g. 2020, 2025, 2050), this paper integrates international research knowledge and expertise from four continents. It critically evaluates the role of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in the CotF in terms of overlapping theory and practice. The aspirations of water sensitive cities are reviewed and multiple drivers for applying WSUD are described from developing and developed country perspectives In addition, the potential for WSUD to support cities in 'leap-frogging' towards their visions are explored. The role of WSUD within the wider context of achieving sustainable living objectives (e.g. greater resilience, low carbon living, sustainable transportation, local food supply and social stability) is debated and the concept of the 'multi-objective city' introduced. Conclusions are drawn regarding opportunities for the WSUD process to provide a framework within which pro...

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Water resource management: challenges and opportunities with game theory approaches.

• Kim Hang Pham Do Kim Hang Pham Do Massey University
• https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.763
• Published online: 24 February 2022

Water is essential to life and development in terms of both quantity and quality. Water resources continue to face various pressures brought about by climate change, growing population, and increased economic demand for water. Managing this unique and precious resource has become a global challenge. The conflicts over water issues often arise not only among stakeholders facing limited water resources but also from social and political aspects of the design, operation, and management of water supply projects. A fair and sustainable system of sharing water resources, therefore, is one of the greatest challenges we face in the 21st century. In the absence of negotiation and lack of clear property rights, water is a source for human conflicts.

Game theory as strategic analysis has provided powerful tools and been applied to many fields, including water resources management. The basic assumptions of game theory emphasize that rational players who pursue well-defined objectives and assume knowledge of others would accordingly form expectations of other decision makers’ behavior. Hence, game theory is used to predict agents’ behaviors toward fulfilling their own interests during the interactive decision-making process with other agents.

Since the 1950s, game theory has become an important tool for analyzing important aspects of water resource management. Yet despite the rapid increase in the application of game theoretical approaches to water resource management, many challenges remain. The challenges of the early 21st century, including resource constraints, financial instability, inequalities within and between countries, and environmental degradation, present opportunities to address and reach resolutions on how water is governed and managed to ensure that everyone has sufficient access to water.

• water resource management
• game theory models
• strategic analysis
• coalitional structures
• fair solutions
• sustainable development

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• Published: 13 November 2023

A meta-model of socio-hydrological phenomena for sustainable water management

• A. Mijic   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7096-9405 1 ,
• L. Liu   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7556-1134 1 ,
• J. O’Keeffe   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-0305 2 , 3 ,
• B. Dobson 1 &
• K. P. Chun   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-6240 4  

Nature Sustainability volume  7 ,  pages 7–14 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Overemphasizing technological solutions in water management without considering the broader systems perspective can result in unintended consequences. For example, infrastructure interventions for drought adaptation may inadvertently increase flood risk, illustrating a socio-hydrological phenomenon. Here we propose a systems meta-model that reveals the complex mechanisms and feedback loops underlying the critical human–water interactions. We show that the unintended outcomes of water management decisions result from the lack of integration and coordination of the feedback loops. The insights highlight the importance of considering environmental capacity in water management, as well as the necessity for integrated assessment and coordinated solutions for long-term sustainability.

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Acknowledgements

We thank J. Giambona for improving the readability of the paper. This research was funded by the CASYWat (Systems Water Management Framework for Catchment Scale Processes) UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project (grant NE/S009248/1) awarded to A.M. The President’s PhD scholarships provided by the Imperial College London funded L.L. B.D. acknowledges financial support from the CAMELLIA (Community Water Management for a Liveable London) NERC-funded project (NE/S003495/1).

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A.M. conceived the idea and designed the meta-model. A.M., L.L., J.O’K., B.D. and K.P.C. designed and carried out analysis and developed proposed principles. A.M. and L.L. wrote the paper. All authors discussed the findings and contributed to the paper.

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Mijic, A., Liu, L., O’Keeffe, J. et al. A meta-model of socio-hydrological phenomena for sustainable water management. Nat Sustain 7 , 7–14 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01240-3

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INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE

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Water resource planning and management are undergoing a paradigm shift. Historically, rivers have been viewed as communities to be exploited to the maximum extent possible for economic development. Water resource planning has primarily been an engineering exercise to achieve the optimum development of river basins for hydropower, flood control and consumptive use. Throughout the world, countries have constructed large-scale multiplepurpose dams and irrigation systems. Both international and domestic water law has supported optimum development by (1) creating semi-exclusive national rights to divert and store water and (2) and encouraging unilateral national water resources development.Water management meant the enforcement of existing entitlements and adherence to the original project purposes. The traditional vision of a river system of a commodity to be put to the optimum or maximum use remains the dominant paradigm in many parts of the world such as China, Central Asia, India and other areas as a matter of choice or necessity. However, the traditional paradigm is slowly being replaced by the alternative paradigm of ecologically sustainable development (ESD).

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Tarlock, A.D. (2007). INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE. In: Wouters, P., Dukhovny, V., Allan, A. (eds) Implementing Integrated Water Resources Management in Central Asia. NATO Science Series, vol 77. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5732-8_1

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