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Background of The Study – Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

The background of the study is an integral part of a research paper, thesis, or dissertation. It provides the context for the research problem, introduces the topic, and highlights the importance of the study. A well-written background offers readers the foundation they need to understand the research’s objectives and significance, bridging the gap between what is already known and what the study aims to explore. This guide outlines the key components of a background of the study, provides step-by-step writing instructions, and offers practical examples to illustrate effective writing.

Background of The Study

The background of the study explains the broader context of the research problem. It provides information on the current state of knowledge, relevant historical developments, gaps in existing research, and the significance of addressing these gaps. This section often precedes the problem statement and serves as a foundation for understanding why the research is necessary.

• To introduce the topic and establish its relevance.
• To summarize existing research and identify knowledge gaps.
• To explain the motivation and rationale behind the study.

Importance of the Background of the Study

• Establishes Context : It situates the research within its broader academic or practical framework.
• Justifies the Research : By highlighting gaps or unresolved issues, it demonstrates why the study is necessary.
• Engages the Reader : A well-written background builds interest and understanding, preparing the reader for the study’s objectives.
• Links to the Research Problem : It transitions smoothly into the problem statement, laying the groundwork for the research questions or hypotheses.

How to Write the Background of the Study

Step 1: understand the research topic.

Before writing, ensure you have a thorough understanding of your topic. Familiarize yourself with key concepts, theories, and previous studies.

Step 2: Identify the Key Elements

A strong background includes the following components:

• Introduction to the Topic : Briefly describe the area of study and its importance.
• Current Knowledge : Summarize what is already known from previous research.
• Knowledge Gaps : Identify limitations or gaps in existing studies.
• Relevance of the Study : Explain why addressing these gaps is significant.

Step 3: Organize the Content

Structure the background logically:

• Start Broadly : Begin with general information about the topic.
• Narrow the Focus : Gradually narrow down to the specific problem your research addresses.
• End with a Rationale : Conclude with a clear statement of why your study is essential.

Step 4: Write Concisely and Clearly

Avoid overly technical language or excessive detail. Your goal is to provide enough context to inform and engage the reader without overwhelming them.

Examples of Background of the Study

Example 1: background of the study in education.

Topic : The Impact of Online Learning on High School Students’ Academic Performance

Background : The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed the educational landscape. Online learning, once considered a supplementary tool, became a primary mode of instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous studies have examined the benefits of online education, including flexibility and accessibility. However, research also highlights challenges, such as reduced student engagement and lack of social interaction. Despite these findings, little is known about how online learning specifically affects academic performance among high school students in underserved communities. Addressing this gap is crucial for designing inclusive and effective online learning strategies.

Example 2: Background of the Study in Healthcare

Topic : The Role of Telemedicine in Managing Chronic Diseases

Background : Chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional face-to-face healthcare delivery has proven effective but often fails to address accessibility challenges for patients in rural or underserved areas. Telemedicine has emerged as a promising alternative, enabling remote monitoring and consultation through digital platforms. While previous research highlights the potential of telemedicine to improve patient outcomes, studies often focus on short-term benefits or specific conditions. There is limited evidence on its long-term impact on managing multiple chronic diseases simultaneously. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the effectiveness of telemedicine in comprehensive chronic disease management.

Example 3: Background of the Study in Environmental Science

Topic : The Effect of Urbanization on Local Biodiversity

Background : Urbanization is a global phenomenon characterized by the conversion of natural landscapes into urban environments. This process has profound implications for local biodiversity, often leading to habitat loss and species decline. Previous studies have documented the adverse effects of urbanization on ecosystems, including reduced species richness and altered ecological dynamics. However, there is a lack of research focusing on small urban centers, where urbanization is occurring at a slower yet significant pace. Understanding how urbanization affects biodiversity in these areas is essential for developing localized conservation strategies. This study seeks to address this gap by examining biodiversity patterns in small urban centers.

Tips for Writing an Effective Background of the Study

• Start Broad, End Specific : Gradually transition from general information about the topic to the specific problem your research addresses.
• Use Credible Sources : Reference peer-reviewed articles, reputable books, and authoritative reports to support your claims.
• Avoid Repetition : Do not repeat content from other sections like the introduction or literature review; keep the background unique and focused.
• Keep It Concise : The background should be clear and succinct, typically ranging from a few paragraphs to a couple of pages, depending on the length of the research.
• Use Logical Flow : Ensure ideas are presented in a coherent order to maintain readability.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Being Too Vague : Failing to provide enough detail about the research context can leave readers confused.
• Overloading with Information : Including excessive or irrelevant details may distract readers from the main focus.
• Lack of Focus on Knowledge Gaps : The background should emphasize what is not known to justify the study.
• Relying on Outdated Sources : Ensure your references are recent and relevant to maintain credibility.
• Skipping the Rationale : Always explain why your research is significant and how it contributes to the field.

The background of the study is a crucial part of any research paper, thesis, or dissertation. It provides the necessary context for readers to understand the research problem, highlights existing knowledge, identifies gaps, and justifies the study’s significance. By following the steps and examples outlined in this guide, you can craft a compelling background that lays a strong foundation for your research.

• Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
• Machi, L. A., & McEvoy, B. T. (2016). The Literature Review: Six Steps to Success (3rd ed.). Corwin Press.
• Ridley, D. (2012). The Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Guide for Students (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
• Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (2016). The Craft of Research (4th ed.). University of Chicago Press.
• Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills (3rd ed.). University of Michigan Press.

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What is the Background of a Study and How to Write it (with Examples) 

Table of Contents

The background of a study is a critical component of any research paper. It acts as the foundation upon which the entire study is built. The purpose of the background is to provide context and rationale and to clarify the significance of the study. By explaining the importance of the study, the background of the study in research provides an overview of the relevant research and explains how your research will address any knowledge gaps. Did you know that the opening remarks of a research article can influence editorial decision outcomes and readership? A compelling background will encourage a reader to pay close attention to your paper.   

 A well-structured background reflects the author’s grasp of the research topic and the specific study. It should be concise and free of unnecessary details. It is advisable to write the background after completing the other sections of the manuscript, as this allows you to have all relevant information readily available, making it easier to create a thorough introduction to your paper.   

In this article, we will delve into how to write the research background , all about background of the study format and structure, and background of the study examples . You will also learn how to make the background of the study effective and impressive.  

What is the background of a study ?  

A simple answer to the question “ What is the background of a study ?” could be that it is a roadmap that guides readers through the origins of your research journey. More specifically, the background of the study in research refers to the introductory section of a research paper that outlines the context and significance of the research topic. It sets the stage for understanding why the study is necessary and what it aims to achieve. Thus, it is essential for readers to grasp the relevance and implications of the research findings.  

The main components of the study background are a general overview of the research area, clear statement of the problem or question, and review of the relevant literature. The background in research should not exclude relevant theories and concepts, claims and assumptions, historical data, and even controversies, if applicable.  

How is a background different from the introduction?

Now you must be wondering how a background differs from the introduction! In fact, it is common for people to mistakenly view the introduction and the background of a research paper as identical, often using the terms interchangeably . While this confusion is quite understandable, it is crucial to recognize that these two components are fundamentally different and fulfill separate roles within the paper. Table 1 shows the key differences between the background of the study and introduction.  

Table 1. Differentiating between the introduction and background of the study  

Background of the study structure  

Next, let’s take a look at the structure of the background of the study. Format and style of the text may differ depending on the discipline and the journal. However, broadly, the background of the study content is structured as follows:  

• Brief introduction: Provide an introduction and outline of the chronological developments that led to the current topic of research.  
• Literature review: Summarize the highlights of the main developments of the research topic and the main gaps that need to be addressed.  
• In an interdisciplinary study, you may provide a description of how different disciplines are linked .   
• In certain fields (social sciences), you might need to describe the theoretical framework.  
• Study rationale: Justify the study, providing the scope and significance.  
• Study objectives: Explain what the study seeks to accomplish.  
• Hypothesis: Define the research hypothesis.  
• Reiterate the importance: Finally, conclude the background of the study by explaining why this research matters.  

You can see these aspects covered in a research background example in Figure 1. However, to reiterate, the background of the study format need not be exactly as depicted; the length, number of paragraphs, and order can be flexible, depending on the field and study type.  

Figure 1: Fictional example showing background of the study structure 

How to write the background of the study in research papers  

Coming to how to write research background : writing the background of the study involves several steps that ensure clarity and relevance. Here is a stepwise approach:  

Define your research problem

Begin the background of the study by clearly stating the problem your research addresses. This should include:  

• The specific issue or gap in knowledge that prompted your study.
• Why this problem is significant within your field.  

For example: 

“Despite numerous studies on climate change impacts on agriculture, there remains insufficient understanding of how these impacts vary across different socio-economic contexts.”  

Summarize the relevant literature

Summarize relevant literature that pertains to your research problem. Include key findings from previous studies, methodologies used in past research, any controversies or debates within the field, etc.  

Highlight gaps in existing research

Identify specific areas where current literature falls short; note the lack of studies on a specific aspect, methodological weaknesses in previous studies, etc.  

For example:  

“Previous studies have primarily focused on large-scale agricultural operations, neglecting smallholder farmers, who may experience different challenges.”  

State your research objectives

The background of the study structure should include an outline of what your study aims to achieve. This should be directly linked to the gaps identified in your literature review.  

“This study aims to explore how smallholder farmers adapt their practices in response to climate change impacts, providing insights into their resilience strategies.”  

Discuss the significance

Explain why your research is important. This could include potential implications for policy, practice, or further research.  

For example:   “Understanding smallholder adaptations can inform agricultural policies aimed at enhancing resilience among vulnerable populations.”  

Read further to know how to make the background of the study more impressive without the typical mistakes many authors make.  

Tips when writing the background of the study

• Write this section after you have conducted a literature review and identified the research problem and objectives.   
• Make sure you have carefully read and understood the literature. Background in research calls for clear grasp of what is known and what you need to add.  
• Use note-taking apps and be sure to list the source so that you don’t miss citing a study or accidentally mis-reference a study.  
• Ensure that the details presented in the background of the study are presented chronologically and organized clearly.  
• After writing the section, take a step back and look at it after a short break. You might notice issues in flow or logic.  
• Ensure the use of a formal, academic tone in your writing.   
• Follow a consistent style for citations in your background of the study. Format ting should be in line with your target journal.  
• Seek feedback from a peer or mentor.  
• Consider receiving professional editing services to correct and polish background of the study content .  

How to avoid mistakes in writing the background

Here are some pitfalls to avoid in your background of the study content :  

• Don’t be too vague. Ensure clarity by being specific about your topic and its significance.  
• At the same time, avoid overloading the text with information. Unrelated and distracting information is a no-no.  
• Don’t neglect the background of the study structure . Maintain logical flow throughout.   
• Avoid using jargon that may confuse readers rather than making concepts accessible.  

Where does the study background section go in a paper?  

One may consider the background of the study as a contextual “bridge” in a research paper. The background of the study in research is typically the first part of the introduction section. The background of the study content puts the work in context, offering relevant information a reader requires to understand the study rationale.  

In a thesis, the background of the study may form an entire chapter. Meanwhile, t he background of the study in a research proposal might also have a dedicated section within or separate from the introduction.  

Examples for background of a study  

You saw a sample background of the study in Figure 1. To illustrate how to write an effective background, here are some research background examples from different fields, as well as a background of the study in research proposal example.  

 1. Background of the study example: Public health

Background of the study example: Public health

• Research background example : Psychology

Research background example: Psychology

Background of the study in research proposal example

Key takeaways  

The background of a study is an essential component of a research paper. It requires researchers to contextualize their work, justify its significance, and position it within existing knowledge. A well-written background not only enhances the perceived quality of the research but also engages readers’ interest in the study as a whole. Now that you have read about how to write the research background , as well as seen some sample background of the study examples, here is a quick glance at the key points to remember:  

• A well-organized background of a study structure typically includes an introduction, literature review, research gaps, research objectives, and significance.  
• A compelling background can influence editorial decision outcomes and readership.  
• Carefully read and understand the literature. Background in research should convey clearly what is known and what are the gaps.  
• Follow a consistent style for citations in your background of the study ; do not miss citing a study or accidentally mis-reference a study.  
• Ensure an organized background of the study structure . Do not include unrelated and irrelevant information.  
• Be sure to include relevant theories and concepts, claims and assumptions, historical data, and controversies as applicable.  
• If needed, seek editorial assistance to correct and polish background of the study content .  

 Frequently Asked Questions

Why is writing a background of the study necessary , how to create a background of the study that is engaging .

• Frame your background around a central theme that resonates with your research. This narrative approach helps to create a connection with the reader and makes complex information more relatable  
• Offer a brief history of the topic, with milestones or developments that have shaped the current landscape. This context helps readers understand the evolution of the issue.  
• Discuss recent developments relevant to your research problem, such as technological advancements or societal shifts. This keeps the background timely and relevant.  
• Explain how your study addresses these gaps and contributes uniquely to the existing body of knowledge.   

How does the background differ from the introduction in a research paper? 

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What is the Background of a Study and How to Write It

A wide-ranging base under any research endeavor is called for, and the background of a study is an important constituent of this. It follows that this section shall present the framework of the research and give background information allowing readers to understand why this study is important.

So, what does a good background comprise? In which ways does it differ from a literature review? This will take you through everything you need to know about crafting a compelling background. Whether you are seasoned or just starting as a researcher, understanding this aspect can do wonders for your work. So, let’s dive right in!

What is the Background of Study?

The background of a study provides crucial context for the research undertaken. It explains the problem being addressed and delineates its pertinent historical dimensions, theoretical frameworks, or improvements related to the subject. This section enables the reader’s understanding of the reasons underlying the research and locates it in relation to the extant literature.

A good background section should be stated briefly, excluding unnecessary details. Begin with the general themes and gradually bring out the specifics relevant to your research. In addition, pertinent statistics, previous research, or significant events will help make your writing a better narrative and more engaging from the very first page.

Every research question starts with a conceptual framework, and it is when this has been established that the background of the study becomes all important. That is, the chapter puts before the reader all information necessary for an understanding as to why and how it is so important.

It is, therefore very important for researchers and students to understand the methodology that will be used in effectively writing this section. The right background frames the framework for your results and claims; it, therefore, enhances the importance that will be attached to the reader.

It connects established knowledge with new questions and hence forms one of the most crucial elements of scholarly research. Significance of the Study’s Background.

The background section of a study establishes the foundational context for the research endeavor. It provides the reader with necessary information for understanding why the topic in question is important. A well-articulated background identifies inadequacies in existing knowledge and highlights the pertinence of the conducted research.

It also serves as a link between previous literature and the goals of your study. In this part, one formulates various relevant theories and empirical outcomes and provides a basis which enhances the authenticity of your discussion. It is specially applicable at the time of intense examination carried out in a review of literature, as well as understanding previous works could influence further investigations.

What are the characteristics that determine the Background of a Study?

The context in which the study is conducted is extremely important to understand the research topic. This explains previous studies, relevant theories, and important findings underlying the study. Such a section introduces a rationale for identifying that there is a need to conduct the research.

This means that it has an idea of the existing gaps in ongoing studies or topics that require further research using already known knowledge related to new questions. An appropriate background not only educates the reader but also shows the relevance of your study in the general academic environment.

Background of a Study vs Literature Review

In a research study, the context sets the basis of the inquiry and provides substantial background and rationale. It explains why an investigation is reasonable by highlighting the problems or trends that led to its development. This section mainly concentrates on the gaps within existing knowledge and clarifies particular questions that the research seeks to answer.

A literature review explores the subtleties of past research relevant to your topic. It is a critical analysis of existing studies, synthesizing results, and explaining how your study will either add to or challenge the current understanding in the field.

What is the Purpose of Writing the Background of a Study?

The foundational context of a research investigation is very important for an understanding of its full scope. It enables the audience to appreciate the importance and relevance of the study. By delineating existing knowledge, pinpointing gaps in research, and emphasizing pressing questions, one effectively constructs the framework for the analysis.

This writing connects you with other scholars and experts in your area of study. It helps present a case that further points to the need for even more research, therefore broadening your understanding of why your study is important. Such preparation will encourage those to become interested and engage once they read your results later.

Who Writes a Background of a Study?

A research study’s background is usually built by the initiating researcher or the author. The latter experiences firsthand the research subject; he has first-hand experience about its applicability within the field. Insights stemming from this person go quite a long way in forming the context needed.

Co-authors involved in joint activities are assured of providing contributions. Every author comes with new insights that enhance the contextual framework. Besides, instructors or coaches may provide foundational insight to facilitate clarity and completeness in regard to this very essential component of research work.

Drafting in Preparation for the Background of the Study

Before writing the background of the study, all relevant materials have to be gathered. These may include previous researches, databases, and publications associated with this topic. Being updated about the current literature helps in understanding how your research fits within the academic scene.

Later, state the major topics or problem statements you want to focus on. Making an outline will help organize your ideas and ensure that your background presents the required context accordingly. This is a preparation stage that will lead to the development of a convincing history that supports the objectives you set for your study convincingly.

Writing Techniques on the Background of a Research

Begin with a clear statement of the research problem. This will give a focused course to your background, which will help in presenting relevant information. The language should be clear and direct and not technical jargon, which might confuse readers.

Organize the material chronologically or thematically after this. Highlight important contributions to the field and relate these to your research. Incorporate statistical data or recent findings to strengthen your study. Transition between ideas to keep the flow of the background section fluid and coherent.

Examples of good backgrounds in research

An effective background of a study sets up the stage for your research. As an example, in regard to the childhood obesity topic discussed above, it starts with a discussion of the increasing rates, societal influences, and previous interventions, among others. It becomes quite an interesting reading material and will further show how relevant that study was to your research.

For instance, in environmental science, the background on climate change impacts can include historical data and current trends. The provision of such information makes the work of the researchers urgent and important while establishing credibility within the field.

A strong background is an important factor in a research as it forms the base of the research effort. It gives background and focuses attention on the investigation. In a research, clearly defining what is being addressed and how relevant captures the interest of the audience and strengthens credibility.

Understanding the differences between a literature review and background information will really increase the productivity of any writer. Through comprehensive preparation and the use of an efficiently organized methodology, a writer can produce a richly detailed background that will achieve the goals of his research.

Employing examples will further elucidate optimal practices in this domain. As you refine your approach, it is essential to recognize that clarity and coherence are fundamental to ensuring that your research endeavors exert a tangible influence. Adhere to these principles while composing your work, making certain that each word fulfills its intended function in disseminating knowledge within your discipline.

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What is the Background of the Study and How to Write It

What is the Background of the Study in Research? 

The background of the study is the first section of a research paper and gives context surrounding the research topic. The background explains to the reader where your research journey started, why you got interested in the topic, and how you developed the research question that you will later specify. That means that you first establish the context of the research you did with a general overview of the field or topic and then present the key issues that drove your decision to study the specific problem you chose.

Once the reader understands where you are coming from and why there was indeed a need for the research you are going to present in the following—because there was a gap in the current research, or because there is an obvious problem with a currently used process or technology—you can proceed with the formulation of your research question and summarize how you are going to address it in the rest of your manuscript.

Why is the Background of the Study Important?

No matter how surprising and important the findings of your study are, if you do not provide the reader with the necessary background information and context, they will not be able to understand your reasons for studying the specific problem you chose and why you think your study is relevant. And more importantly, an editor who does not share your enthusiasm for your work (because you did not fill them in on all the important details) will very probably not even consider your manuscript worthy of their and the reviewers’ time and will immediately send it back to you.

To avoid such desk rejections , you need to make sure you pique the reader’s interest and help them understand the contribution of your work to the specific field you study, the more general research community, or the public. Introducing the study background is crucial to setting the scene for your readers.

Table of Contents:

• What is “Background Information” in a Research Paper?
• What Should the Background of a Research Paper Include?
• Where Does the Background Section Go in Your Paper?

Background of the Study Structure

Before writing your study background, it is essential to understand what to include. The following elements should all be included in the background and are presented in greater detail in the next section:

• A general overview of the topic and why it is important (overlaps with establishing the “importance of the topic” in the Introduction)
• The current state of the research on the topic or on related topics in the field
• Controversies about current knowledge or specific past studies that undergird your research methodology
• Any claims or assumptions that have been made by researchers, institutions, or politicians that might need to be clarified
• Methods and techniques used in the study or from which your study deviated in some way

Presenting the Study Background

As you begin introducing your background, you first need to provide a general overview and include the main issues concerning the topic. Depending on whether you do “basic” (with the aim of providing further knowledge) or “applied” research (to establish new techniques, processes, or products), this is either a literature review that summarizes all relevant earlier studies in the field or a description of the process (e.g., vote counting) or practice (e.g., diagnosis of a specific disease) that you think is problematic or lacking and needs a solution.

Example s of a general overview

If you study the function of a Drosophila gene, for example, you can explain to the reader why and for whom the study of fly genetics is relevant, what is already known and established, and where you see gaps in the existing literature. If you investigated how the way universities have transitioned into online teaching since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected students’ learning progress, then you need to present a summary of what changes have happened around the world, what the effects of those changes have been so far, and where you see problems that need to be addressed. Note that you need to provide sources for every statement and every claim you make here, to establish a solid foundation of knowledge for your own study. 

Describing the current state of knowledge

When the reader understands the main issue(s), you need to fill them in more specifically on the current state of the field (in basic research) or the process/practice/product use you describe (in practical/applied research). Cite all relevant studies that have already reported on the Drosophila gene you are interested in, have failed to reveal certain functions of it, or have suggested that it might be involved in more processes than we know so far. Or list the reports from the education ministries of the countries you are interested in and highlight the data that shows the need for research into the effects of the Corona-19 pandemic on teaching and learning.

Discussing controversies, claims, and assumptions

Are there controversies regarding your topic of interest that need to be mentioned and/or addressed? For example, if your research topic involves an issue that is politically hot, you can acknowledge this here. Have any earlier claims or assumptions been made, by other researchers, institutions, or politicians, that you think need to be clarified?

Mentioning methodologies and approaches

While putting together these details, you also need to mention methodologies : What methods/techniques have been used so far to study what you studied and why are you going to either use the same or a different approach? Are any of the methods included in the literature review flawed in such a way that your study takes specific measures to correct or update? While you shouldn’t spend too much time here justifying your methods (this can be summarized briefly in the rationale of the study at the end of the Introduction and later in the Discussion section), you can engage with the crucial methods applied in previous studies here first.

When you have established the background of the study of your research paper in such a logical way, then the reader should have had no problem following you from the more general information you introduced first to the specific details you added later. You can now easily lead over to the relevance of your research, explain how your work fits into the bigger picture, and specify the aims and objectives of your study. This latter part is usually considered the “ statement of the problem ” of your study. Without a solid research paper background, this statement will come out of nowhere for the reader and very probably raise more questions than you were planning to answer.   

Where does the study background section go in a paper?

Unless you write a research proposal or some kind of report that has a specific “Background” chapter, the background of your study is the first part of your introduction section . This is where you put your work in context and provide all the relevant information the reader needs to follow your rationale. Make sure your background has a logical structure and naturally leads into the statement of the problem at the very end of the introduction so that you bring everything together for the reader to judge the relevance of your work and the validity of your approach before they dig deeper into the details of your study in the methods section .

Consider Receiving Professional Editing Services

Now that you know how to write a background section for a research paper, you might be interested in our AI Text Editor at Wordvice AI. And be sure to receive professional editing services , including academic editing and proofreading , before submitting your manuscript to journals. On the Wordvice academic resources website, you can also find many more articles and other resources that can help you with writing the other parts of your research paper , with making a research paper outline before you put everything together, or with writing an effective cover letter once you are ready to submit.

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Tuesday, 11 July 2017

Research proposal: motivation and background, motivation for your research.

1.    Introduction

2.    background, 3.    research questions.

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How to Write Research Background: Key Points and Case Studies

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The background section, typically the first section in any manuscript, identifies the specific problems within the field of study that the current manuscript intends to tackle. It emphasizes the need for further investigation by highlighting unanswered questions or areas requiring additional examination. ¹

As the opening chapter of a paper, the research background plays a crucial role in making a strong initial impression on readers. The research background of different papers may vary in length and content, but outstanding research backgrounds often share a common trait: they provide a detailed explanation of the research topic through clear and concise expression, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the subject and sparking the reader’s interest. Key information related to the research topic should be initially introduced in the research background section. ²  

Having understood the purpose of the background section, we’ve summarized four key points 2, ²  ³  for writing a research background, as well as four common mistakes, applicable to researchers from various academic disciplines. Let’s explore how it should be done!

Four Step Guide to Writing a Research Background  

1. Start by stating the problem    

Begin the background by defining the problem that your research will address. Tell the reader why the problem is worth your attention and is also worth theirs.   

2. Summarize the relevant literature   

After defining the research problem, provide a review of the existing research on the subject. The goal of this exercise is not to simply list relevant studies but to analyze them in the light of your research problem. Try to identify any gaps in the literature, problems with methodology or unreliable findings.   

3. Establish the theoretical framework  

Every good research has sound theoretical foundations. In the background section, it is crucial to identify the core theories or theoretical models that your study is based on. Ensure that you describe the core theory or model in simple terms. If your readers understand the theoretical underpinnings of your research, they will be able to better understand and appreciate your findings.  

4. Define Objectives and Significance  

Having set the stage for your study, it is time to unveil the main research questions or hypotheses. Ensure they are well-defined and align neatly with the key problems you’ve described earlier. Then, explain the research findings and summarize their significance, such as their impact on the academic field, other related fields, and real life.  

Once you have touched upon all the above discussed aspects, sum up the background section with a crisp summary before moving on to the next section.   

Now, after having looked at what a background should have, let’s take a look at four common mistakes that you should avoid while writing the background ²   :  

• Ambiguous or overly technical writing

While writing, don’t leave any of the information open to interpretation. Steer clear of any ambiguity. Strike a balance by avoiding overly technical terms or jargons that may confuse readers. Researchers should consider clarifying complex concepts or terms beforehand to help readers accurately grasp the main research topic.  

• Lack of apparent connection with the research problem

The research problem is the anchor for your background section. The expressed purpose of this section is to set the stage for the research question. If you digress and talk about peripheral issues unconnected with the research problem, you will confuse the reader, and the background will not fulfill its purpose. Stay focused on the research problem.  

• Omitting key studies

The background section should provide a detailed explanation of the research topic. Researchers can use the four steps mentioned above to review their work, avoiding content gaps that could impact the credibility of both the researcher and the paper, or make the arguments seem too subjective or insufficiently informed .  

• Failing to cite research correctly

If you are using a theory or concept that is not yours, make sure you mention its creator. If you have modified a theory or concept, explain how and to what degree. You must cite your sources correctly to avoid being accused of plagiarism.

Example of Research Background  

Having listed the dos and don’ts while writing a background section, let’s look at an example of what a good ‘Background’ section looks like ⁴ , notice how historical and technical information is presented from the most general to more specific in this background.  

Needless to say, the background section of your manuscript is essentially the groundwork for the rest of your manuscript. However, crafting a compelling background for your manuscript doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By following the key approaches outlined above, and avoiding common mistakes, you can craft an effective background that sets a compelling narrative for your study, captures the reader’s interest, and encourages them to dive deeper into your research. Remember, a well-crafted, strong background section can keep your audience hooked till the very end of your paper.  

For more insights on crafting a contextually relevant, crisp, and fitting background for your manuscript, consider reaching out to Elsevier Language Services . Our experts are available to assist you with a range of services tailored to meet your needs and enhance your manuscript. Contact us to learn more about how we can support your research journey.

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References:   

• How to Write a Background for a Research Paper- A Research Guide for Students (2023). https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-background-research-paper.html    
• Tips for Writing an Effective Background of the Study (2023). https://www.servicescape.com/blog/tips-for-writing-an-effective-background-of-the-study    
• Asiwe, Jerome Ndudi, et al. “Inhibition of Oxido-Inflammatory and Apoptotic Pathway Is Involved in the Protective Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Supplement in Cyclosporine-A Induced Vascular Dysfunction in Wistar Rat.” Pharmacological Research – Modern Chinese Medicine , vol. 7, 1 June 2023, p. 100252, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142523000386 .   
• Inhibition of oxido-inflammatory and apoptotic pathway is involved in the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba supplement in cyclosporine-A induced vascular dysfunction in Wistar rat.  

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Mastering the Basics of Writing Background of the Study

Table of contents

• 1 Purpose of the Research Paper Background
• 2.1 Starting with Preliminary Research for Broad Context
• 2.2.1 Chronological
• 2.2.2 Thematical
• 2.2.3 Methodological
• 2.3 Link to Your Research Question
• 2.4 Avoid Plagiarism and Ensuring Proper Citation
• 2.5 Using Clear, Academic Language
• 2.6 Don’t Overload with Excessive Details
• 2.7 Review Relevant Literature
• 2.8 Identify Gaps or Contradiction
• 2.9 Keep Your Target Audience in Mind
• 2.10 Stay Objective
• 2.11 Mention Methodologies, Scope, and Limitations
• 3 Bottom Line
• 4.1 How long should background information be?
• 4.2 What is the difference between background of the study and problem statement?
• 4.3 Why is background research important to the research process?

Writing a research paper can be a juggling act, especially for those with little experience. There are so many elements to consider, and you need to cover all the bases if you want your paper to elevate your academic standings.

The background in research paper is where you lay out the topic, the gaps in the literature that this study seeks to fill, and your study’s general and unique contributions. Thus, developing the research paper background section is crucial to give a general overview of the study.

That’s why we’ve decided to give you some pointers, including:

• The purpose of the background of the study;
• Collecting and organizing background information;
• Linking the background to your present study;
• Using proper citation and wording, retaining objectivity.

Purpose of the Research Paper Background

When you write a research background of the study, you explain the rationale and foundation for doing the research. It’s quite different from the research paper introduction section or a literature review. Here, you explore the history, nature, and scope of your research problem. Once you determine how previous studies have covered the problem, you can pinpoint the remaining gaps, discuss their importance, and how your study can fill them.

Essentially, it’s the foundation of your entire study. It determines the structure of your paper, highlights a well-defined research problem, and helps the reader determine your research’s unique and general contributions. Besides serving as a clear roadmap, a well-written background of the study must help the reader understand the value and purpose of your research.

How to Write a Background of the Study

Any researcher needs to understand the steps that go into writing an effective background of the study. Since you don’t have clarity in the early stages, you need to collect more information via preliminary research. Then, you should organize your information in a structure that can seamlessly lead up to your research paper in a way that shows the significance of your study.

So, if you’re wondering what is background of the study in research and how to compose it, here are some tips.

Starting with Preliminary Research for Broad Context

Before delving into writing the background of a research paper, you need a comprehensive review of the most important articles and reports on the subject in a literature review to acquire some introductory background information. Basically, you need to collect as much research data as possible.

To start with the background of an article, look for prior studies that address your issue statement in detail. Refer to reputable resources, such as academic databases and publications, and use their bibliography and literature review section to find new sources. This lets you discover new authors treating your research topic.

Finally, keep note of each piece of material you find if you decide to include it in your thesis. It helps you avoid or at least reduce plagiarism in research when you integrate those sources into your work.

Organize the Information

Now it’s time to discuss a vital writing tip: background information categorization. Most researchers use one of the three approaches: chronological, thematic, or methodological.

Chronological

Here, the study background and contextual information are organized in a chronological structure. As such, the reader can understand how you arrived at your conclusions about the development and the next steps you want to take in your research.

It can also be based on a trend. This method should be used only if you’re sure that the trends build logically upon one another and trace back in time. Overall, you must:

• Highlight only the most crucial background information in research
• Only use facts that can be objectively confirmed
• Find gaps in previous studies
• Give your opinion

When the background of a research paper is thematic, it is structured around the topics comprising your research problem. Start by identifying the main and secondary themes. Then, create hierarchies based on their importance or how they’re related to each other.

In other words, it requires structuring the basic background information into paragraphs that highlight themes and identify patterns in the research topic.

Separate each paragraph with a topic sentence, and ensure that each sentence effectively synthesizes background information from many sources. You can also use the famous inverted pyramid method to go from a general overview to the specifics. Overall, this method gives an overview of all topics and themes of your research subject.

Methodological

This approach for writing background of study in research focuses on the methodology in research paper rather than specific topics or the chronological order. It draws attention to the differences and similarities across research methods and offers alternative insights into the subject.

If you cover a topic where there are many relevant models or theories, it is helpful to highlight the most popular ones. In this manner, you can get a basic understanding of the most common perspectives on your subject by categorizing the paper according to the theoretical framework.

Link to Your Research Question

Be specific about the knowledge gap your research study intends to fill and show how this inspired your research questions or theories. This will help place your study in the context of the larger academic discussion while also highlighting its unique contribution.

Avoid talking about irrelevant topics, and focus on what is most important regarding your subject. In other words, every step or theme you discuss should disclose the problems and explain why you deem it important to solve them.

Avoid Plagiarism and Ensuring Proper Citation

Plagiarism is one of the main reasons for writers to seek professional help with research paper writing. To avoid accusations of plagiarism, it is important to properly credit the ideas, models, and conclusions of others. Accurately citing your sources helps maintain academic honesty and gives readers easy access to further basic research papers.

The citation style you use may be determined by the guidelines of the publication or the institution you’re affiliated with. There are plenty of online resources, including guidelines and generators, that help you adhere to the given requirements.

Using Clear, Academic Language

An effective background should clearly highlight the research problem and how you plan to address it. This can only be achieved by using the correct terminology while keeping the text clear and understandable. Thus, use technical phrases with caution and provide essential context and definitions for any unfamiliar term.

Make sure that even readers who aren’t familiar with your field can understand the rationale and hypothesis in study papers. Your study will be more accessible and appealing if you do this.

Don’t Overload with Excessive Details

Keep your writing simple and to the point. Although providing sufficient background information helps simplify your study, you should avoid using too many words. Going too deeply into the evidence that inspired your research problem might just confuse your readers.

In other words, it is not necessary to describe every step or every point of relevant research studies. In the background section, only discuss the important details and results that led you to formulate your research question.

Review Relevant Literature

Only by knowing and understanding what has been said and discovered before you can hope to give your contribution. When reviewing relevant research literature, you should provide a concise summary of previous studies and other works that have laid the groundwork for your own. Ensuring the material you use comes from credible sources in research is key. Also, remember to explore all nuances that could help with your research topic.

Identify Gaps or Contradiction

Normally, research objectives are based on the gaps and contradictions found in analyzing the literature review and previous research. Failing to do so might create a redundant or meaningless paper. That’s why, in the background section, you must clarify the reasoning behind how you unveiled the problems you seek to solve. You should also detail the methods to test and quantify your study hypothesis and how your findings will add to what’s already known.

Note that you’re also likely to leave a research gap or have some contradictions in your study. Don’t forget to recognize and inform your readers about them. It shows professionalism and enhances your credibility.

Keep Your Target Audience in Mind

It’s crucial to tailor the background of the study to your audience. Whether for an assignment or an academic publishing, you must write in a way that makes your message come across. So, if you know that the paper is going to be read by experts in the field, it’s ok to use a more technical and complex vocabulary.

Conversely, if the audience is more general, consider their scholarly background, avoid jargon, provide contextual information and explain concepts in a simple way.

Stay Objective

Retaining objectivity is one of the defining key components for all academic essay writers . However, having a personal interest or predisposition for a certain point of view might make it difficult to avoid bias and retain impartiality. Using a wide range of sources that address various topics, viewpoints, and research methods is crucial for maintaining objectivity both in the background and literature review section.

Mention Methodologies, Scope, and Limitations

Scientific research demands appropriate and proven methodologies. That’s why it’s important to clarify which ones you used, why and how they fit in the context of your research. The explanation should include the methodology for data collection and analysis, models, and the tools used.

The reasoning must be linked with the scope of your research. This must be clearly stated and intertwined with methods and context.

Finally, identify and discuss the shortcomings of your study background. It demonstrates that you’ve given careful thought to the study’s limits and have a firm grasp of the subject at hand. Researchers and reviewers will respect you more if you are upfront about the limits of your research methodology and go into depth about them rather than pretending they don’t exist.

Bottom Line

The first stage in writing a great research paper is to provide an intriguing background for the study. Its purpose is to explain the bigger picture, stress the importance of your study, and lay out the key issues you chose to study. Don’t forget that the background section of research paper writing isn’t a literature review. It discusses the reasons behind your study, points out any gaps in existing works, and explains how you would help fill those gaps.

All this should have taught you how to write a background for a research paper. But don’t forget that knowing the theory is only the first step. Whenever you feel stuck, don’t be shy to ask for guidance and rely on the help of experts.

How long should background information be?

What is the difference between background of the study and problem statement, why is background research important to the research process, readers also enjoyed.

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How to write the background of your study

Study Background & Introduction

Dr. Rishibha Sachdev

While the findings of your study form the foreground of your research, it is equally important to establish the background of your study. A well-written background will provide your study with a context and prompt the readers to read the rest of your paper.

However, most authors struggle with writing the background of the study. Another common problem authors encounter is distinguishing between the background and the literature review, which are critical aspects of any research paper. The two terms are often used interchangeably; however, they have clearly defined roles. So in this article, I will cover the basics of writing the background and explain how it is different from the literature review.

The background of the study establishes the context of the research. This section explains why this particular research topic is important and essential to understanding the main aspects of the study. Usually, the background forms the first section of a research article/thesis and justifies the need for conducting the study and summarizes what the study aims to achieve.

How to structure the background

In this section, the author usually outlines the historical developments in the literature that led to the current topic of research concisely. If the study is interdisciplinary, it should describe how different disciplines are connected and what aspects of each discipline will be studied.

Additionally, authors should briefly highlight the main developments of their research topic and identify the main gaps that need to be addressed. In other words, this section should give an overview of your study. The section should be organized as:

• What is known about the broad topic?
• What are the gaps or missing links that need to be addressed? 
• What is the significance of addressing those gaps?
• What are the rationale and hypothesis of your study?

The background section, therefore, should provide general information about the topic of your research and emphasize the main aims of the study. Please ensure that you only discuss the main and relevant aspects of the studies that have led to your aims. Do not elaborate on them as this should be done in the literature review section. The background section should discuss your findings in a chronological manner to accentuate the progress in the field and the missing points that need to be addressed. The background should be written as a summary of your interpretation of previous research and what your study proposes to accomplish.

How to make the background engaging

As the background includes a lot of information, it can become a long drag, causing the readers to lose interest. To ensure that your background is engaging, you should try to build a story around the central theme of your research.

Ensure that the story adheres to the core idea and does not digress into a broad literature review. Each idea should lead to the next so that readers are able to grasp the story and themselves identify the gaps that your study is going to address.

How to avoid common mistakes in writing the background

While writing an effective background, you ought to steer clear of some mistakes. The most common mistakes in writing the background include the following:

• Don’t write a background that is too long or too short. Focus on including all the important details but write concisely.  
• Don’t be ambiguous. Writing in a way that does not convey the message to the readers defeats the purpose of the background, so express yourself keeping in mind that the reader does not know your research intimately.  
• Don’t discuss unrelated themes. Try and center your discussion around the pivotal aspects of your research topic i.e. highlight the gaps in the literature, state the novelty of the study, and the need to conduct the study.
• Don’t be disorganized. Not discussing the themes in a chronological manner can confuse the reader about the progress in the field, so try and organize your writing carefully.

How is the background different from the literature review   

Many authors find it difficult to discern the difference between the literature review and the study background. The literature review section should follow the background section, as the second section of your manuscript/thesis. This section basically supports the background section by providing evidence for the proposed hypothesis. This section should be more comprehensive and thoroughly describe all the studies that you have mentioned in the background section. It should also elaborate on all studies that form evidence for the present study and discuss the current trends.

To write this section, you will need to do a thorough literature search on different studies that relate to the broad topic of your research. This will introduce the readers to the area of your research. Following this, you should present a more focused survey of the specific studies that are associated with the precise objective of your study. It would be ideal to organize them thematically and discuss them chronologically so that readers are aware of the evolution and progress in the field. In other words, separate themes should be discussed chronologically to highlight how research in those fields has progressed over time. This will highlight what has been done and what are the future directions that need to be worked upon.

To learn in depth how to write a persuasive study background take this course:  How to write an engaging background of the study for your research paper . 

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An important thing to consider is that the literature review should be organized to highlight what research has been done and point out what has been missed. There might be other studies that have tried to fill the gaps in the literature and have been unsuccessful or there might be better ways to address the gaps. Covering these points in the literature review gives the readers a perspective on the significance and the novelty of the study. This can be accomplished by comparing and contrasting previous similar studies to abreast the reader with all the knowledge about the field.  

For research papers, it is usual for the background and literature review to be combined and presented together without separate headings. For dissertations, the background and literature review may be presented as separate sections. Ultimately, it is best to check your target journal’s instructions before writing the background of your study.

For more helpful resources, check out the following:

• How to write the background to the study in a research paper?
• What comprises the background to a study in a research paper?
• INFOGRAPHIC: 6 Differences between study background and literature review
• INFOGRAPHIC: 8 Dos and 8 don'ts of writing an engaging study background

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Published on: Nov 27, 2018

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